How does transducers work

Digital Pressure Transducer: A digital signal provides more versatility than analog signals, often they are called smart devices, because they provide greater functionality then other sensor types. Smart sensors can often describe their location, calibration information, log data, detect unusual events, or activate alarms. Depending on the protocol the transmission distances can be more than a mile. Best use: Long transmission distances, smart sensing.

Millivolt Output Pressure sensor ratiometric : The actual output is directly proportional to the pressure transducer input power or excitation.

If the excitation fluctuates, the output will also change. Because of its dependence on the excitation level, regulated power supplies are suggested for use with millivolt transducers. The sensor should not be in an electrically noisy environment because the output signal is so low.

Voltage Pressure tramsitter: In this type of pressure sensor, the output is normally dc or Vdc and provides a higher output than a millivolt transducer due to its integral signal condition.

Although model specific, the output of the transducer is not normally a direct function of excitation. This means unregulated power supplies are often enough as long as they fall within a specified power range. They have a higher-level output and are therefore not as susceptible to electrical noise as millivolt transducers. Typically we want the sound to go in a specific direction, so the surrounding transducer parts are engineered to efficiently pass sound in that direction and absorb or reflect the sound in all other directions.

This consists of a material which will allow the sound in, absorb most of it, and allow very little back out. It is usually made of a soft material loaded with very heavy particles like Tungsten which can vibrate freely and dissipate the sound energy.

Other materials are sometimes added to scatter the sound waves and sometimes the backing is carefully shaped to create multiple reflections within the backing to allow more opportunity to absorb the sound. This is an intermediate layer or layers between the ceramic element and the medium into which the sound is propagating. It is often a quarter wavelength thick and made of a material which has an acoustic impedance midway between that of the Piezo and the medium.

It acts much like an anti-reflection coating on glass, allowing the sound to pass freely in both directions. Pulse-Echo devices are used by sending out a pulse of sound and then listening for the return echo.

Two types of information can be obtained from such a measurement. First, if the speed of sound in the medium is known, the time between the creation of the pulse and the return can be measured and used to calculate the distance the sound wave traveled. If the distance is known, then the time can be used to calculate the acoustic velocity of the material the sound is traveling through. This can be related to density or composition. We do however have confirmation that it covers all servicing and maintenance that impacts the safety and the resulting safe operation.

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